Estonia: Estonia Geography Profile 2012
2012/03/09
Estonia Geography Profile 2012
Estonia occupies part of the Great European Plain---the vast lowland between the Ural Mountains and France---and consists mostly of level or gently rolling land. Behind the dunes and cliffs of the coast, Estonia is mostly a region of farmland and forest and much marshy land. The highest point in Estonia is only 1,043 feet (318 m) above sea level. Rivers are short and shallow. Lake Peipus forms part of the border with Russia and is drained by the Narva River.
Estonia's climate is cool to cold, and moderately rainy. In winter, temperatures average near 25° F. (-4° C.); in summer, about 60° F. (16° C.). Of the 22 inches (560 mm) of annual precipitation, more than half falls in autumn and winter.
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
59 00 N, 26 00 E
Europe
slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined
633 km
maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers
marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south
oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud
sometimes flooding occurs in the spring
air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one-20th the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations
the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands
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