Land

 

All the highest mountains and the region of the lowlands were ice during the last glacial period. In the highlands huge ice sheets scoured and eroded lands, leaving the rounded peaks and barren rocky areas. On the plains they left large deposits of clay, sand, gravel and other glacial material. The country is divided into a region of mountain and valley areas. The highlands north and west of a line of the River Tees in northern England, the River Exe, in the southwest. The lowlands in the south and east.  Highland Britain. Highlands are the dominant features of Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and western and northern England. Blocks of old hard rock, which rarely rise as much as 2,000 feet (600 m) above sea level, constitute the bulk of the earth. In many parts of the highlands to the sea cliffs and rocky promontories. heath and peat swamp Bleak dot much of the land.

Sections toughest and most are the Grampians and the Highlands of northwestern North of Scotland. Ben Nevis, reaching 4,406 feet (1,343 m) in the Grampians, is the highest mountain in Britain.

All Terrain also occurs in the mountains of England and Cumbria Cambrian Mountains of Wales. Other mountain areas of the southern highlands of Scotland, the Pennines in the north-central England, and the mountains of Mourne Northern Ireland. Many broad valleys cut through the highlands, making the rough broken land areas.

Lowland Britain is mostly flat or slightly undulating, but there are highlands and some long, steep slopes rather sharply. The lowlands include the Midlands (plain), the London basin and the valley (valley) of York. Mountain areas, variously called hills, downs, and Wolds, include the Cotswold and Chiltern Hills, North and South Downs, and the high plains of North Yorkshire, Humberside and Lincoln. It is rare that elevations in these areas up to 1,000 feet (300 m).

Many coastal lowland Britain are lined with cliffs, beaches of sand and pebbles, and reclaimed land from the tide. At Dover, the North Downs abruptly end in magnificent white chalk cliffs overlooking the Strait of Dover.

The entire plain region has long been the most productive and populous Britain.

Water

The coast of the country  is often irregular and deeply indented by numerous bays, sounds, estuaries wide (called inlets in Scotland), and long narrow inlets. Among the large bodies of water that juts into the Great Britain are the estuaries of the Forth, Moray, Lorne, Clyde, and Solway, Scotland, and washing, the Thames Estuary, Bristol Channel, and Morecambe Bay, England.

Inland covers 1.191 square miles (3085 km2), or a little over 1% of the total area. Severn, England and Wales, and Thames, England, are the largest rivers, the Severn is 220 miles (355 km) long, the Thames, 210 miles (340 km) long. Most major rivers such as the Tyne, Tees, Humber, Thames, Severn and Mersey in England and the Clyde and Forth, Scotland, owe their importance not to their size, but the industry, commerce and navigation in estuaries.

Scottish lochs (lakes) are particularly numerous, and many are long, narrow, and exceptional depth. Among them, Loch Lomond, Loch Ness and Loch Shin. The lakes are mainly of glacial origin and are located in the highlands.  All English lakes are small. Only are important in the Lake District of Cumbria in the mountains. largest lake in the country is sough Neagh in Northern Ireland.

Climate

The country  is at  the same latitude as the southern half of mainland Canada, but its climate is exceptionally mild. The influence of the ocean is the dominant factor. The west and southwest winds bring the moderating influence of the current North Atlantic interior, warming of the earth in winter and cool in summer. Showers and drizzles of light, clouds and fog well, and frequent changes in time are also typical.

For much of the country , except in mountainous areas, temperatures average about 38 ° to 43 ° F. (3 ° to 6 ° C) during the colder months (January and February) and 58 ° to 63 ° F (14 ° to 17 ° C) during the hottest months (July and August). The peninsula south-west England has the better weather, temperatures average significantly higher than the rest of the nation.

Highest in summer and lowest winter temperatures are normally recorded in southern England, located in the direct path of air masses during the hot and cold on the continent. Unseasonably warm or cold, however, is rare. The slightest change in climate occurs along the north coast of Scotland and north-west.

Annual precipitation,  ranging up to 200 inches (5080 mm) in the more mountainous areas to as little as 18 to 20 inches (460 to 510 mm) in extreme south. Most lowland areas receive 25 to 40 inches (640-1020 mm) per year. Very little precipitation falls as snow except in the more mountainous areas.