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Mexico: Mexico Government Profile 2012

2012/03/20

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Mexico Government Profile 2012

Mexico is a federal republic. It has with an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch or court system. The President heads the executive branch which formulates government policies, proposes laws, and controls the distribution of tax and revenues. There are 31 states and 1 federal district. The states have elected governors and legislature. An elected governor governs over the federal district. All citizens who attain 18 years of age are allowed to vote in the country.

The President enjoys a tremendous power in Mexico. The government is influenced by the President who introduces many pieces of legislation. The President may also use constitutional amendments to support the policies of the government. A cabinet is appointed by the President which directs government operations. The President gets a six-year term and is elected by the people. The President serves only one term of office.

Mexico’s legislature, Congress, comprises of a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. The senate consists of 128 members, each having a six-year term. The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members, 300 of them chosen from the country’s electoral districts. The rest are filled by deputies who are not representatives of any particular electoral district. The members of the Chamber of Deputies get to serve three-year terms. The members of Congress are not allowed to serve consecutive terms.

State governors who are elected by the people serve six-year terms while the state legislators get three-year terms. The states are divided into municipios (townships) which have individual presidents and councils that are elected to three-year terms. The state agencies are dependant on the national government for funds required to carry out public works projects.

Supreme Court is the highest court of justice in Mexico. Its members are appointed by the President. The members of a circuit and district court system are selected by the Supreme Court. The courts support the policies of the President. The Mexicans may protect their individual rights through an amparo (protection) procedure. The courts in such cases decide whether a law has caused unfair treatment to an individual. The defense force of Mexico comprises the army, navy, and the air force.
 

Government type: 

federal republic

Administrative divisions: 

31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas

Independence: 

16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)

National holiday: 

Independence Day, 16 September (1810)

Constitution: 

05-févr.-17

Legal system: 

mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Suffrage: 

18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)

Legislative branch: 

bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 seats are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are elected by popular vote; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote; to serve three-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 2 July 2006 for all of the seats (next to be held 1 July 2012); Chamber of Deputies - last held 5 July 2009 (next to be held 1 July 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAN 52, PRI 33, PRD 26, PVEM 6, CD 5, PT 5, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRI 237, PAN 143, PRD 72, PVEM 21, PT 13, CD 6, other 8

Judicial branch: 

Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacion (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)

Political parties and leaders : 

Convergence for Democracy or CD [Luis MALDONADO Venegas]; Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Beatriz PAREDES Rangel]; Labor Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Cesar NAVA Vasquez]; New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA [Jorge Antonio KAHWAGI Macari]; Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Jesus ORTEGA Martinez]

Political pressure groups and leaders: 

Broad Progressive Front or FAP; Businessmen's Coordinating Council or CCE; Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; National Small Business Chamber or CANACOPE; National Syndicate of Education Workers or SNTE; National Union of Workers or UNT; Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca or APPO; Roman Catholic Church

International organization participation: 

APEC, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), Caricom (observer), CDB, CE (observer), CSN (observer), EBRD, FAO, G-20, G-3, G-15, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAFTA, NAM (observer), NEA, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, RG, SICA (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Flag description: 

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band

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