Middle East > Georgia > Georgia Geography Profile 2012

Georgia: Georgia Geography Profile 2012

2012/03/12

          更多  

 

 

 

Georgia Geography Profile 2O12

Georgia is a mountainous nation. The northern area is dominated by the Greater Caucasus, a high, rugged range. The greatest height here is along the Georgian-Russian border, where several peaks rise to more than 16,000 feet (4,900 m). There are several important mountain passes leading to Russia, including the Daryal and Mamison passes. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains are the main topographical feature of southern Georgia. This range is somewhat lower than the Greater Caucasus; the highest peak rises to about 10,900 feet (3,300 m). With the two highland, beautiful river valleys, and, along the Black Sea, a coastal lowland.
Georgia has numerous huge rivers, some of which are used to make electric power. The main rivers are the Kura and the Rioni. There are many small lakes in the Lesser Caucasus.
Georgia's climate is influenced largely by the Black Sea and the mountainous terrain. The Black Sea lowland has a Mediterranean climate. Average temperatures range from 41° F. (5° C.) in the winter to 72° F. (22° C.) in the summer. Rainfall here averages 40 to 80 inches (1,000 to 2,000 mm). The valleys and plateaus have colder winters and less precipitation. In the mountains, snow and ice are present the year round above 11,800 feet (3,600 m).
 

Location: 

Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe

Geographic coordinates: 

42 00 N, 43 30 E

Map references: 

Middle East

Area comparative: 

slightly smaller than South Carolina

Land boundaries Total: 

1,461 km

Land boundaries Note: 

Climate: 

Georgia is famous for its favorable mild climate attracting tourists there practically all year long. The mildness and humidity of subtropics reins in the western part closer to the Black Sea . The summers are humid and warm with average temperatures in July +22+ 24C . The winters there are mild too with average temperatures in January -4- 7C . In the west there is considerable quantity of precipitations (maximum in Adzharia ), most of them in the spring.

In eastern areas of Georgia the climate changes from subtropical to moderate. If you travel from Colchis lowland to the Iberia hollow, you'll feel the air getting cooler. Average January

On the mountains slopes of Georgia average temperatures of July go as low as +4+6 С , in the high mountains average temperatures of January can reach -10-16C.

The weather in the mountains is often changeable. Sudden cold snaps are accompanied by strong snowfalls, downpours, and hails.

Terrain: 

largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

Natural resources: 

timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

Natural hazards: 

earthquakes

Environment - current issues: 

air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals

Geography note: 

strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them