Brazil : People

          更多  

 

 

 

Brazil People Profile 2012

Miscegenation is the intermingling of races and people from different ethnic groups. In Brazil, interracial relations began with the arrival of European colonists and, later, with African slaves. The Native Brazilians appear to be descendants of the first groups that came over from Asia and showed little genetic differences, but a wide variety of different languages and customs.

Africans and Europeans

Brazil has received millions of immigrants and today the population is mostly half-blood
  • Brazil has received millions of immigrants and today the population is mostly half-blood

The African slaves who were brought to Brazil came from several different nations and ethnic groups. The region that is now Angola supplied most of the slaves for the American countries colonized by the Portuguese. In the 18th Century, the commercial outlets of Rio de Janeiro, Recife and São Paulo bought slaves born on the east coast of Africa, especially Mozambique.

In Bahia, from the middle of the 17th century to the end of the slave trade, slaves came from the region around the Gulf of Benin, southwest of what is now Nigeria. The miscegenation of Africans with Portuguese and Native Brazilians formed the ethnic roots of the Brazilian people.

Between the 19th and 20th centuries, Brazil welcomed millions of immigrants from Europe, mainly Italians, Portuguese and Spaniards, as well as a reasonable contingent of Germans and Japanese. As a result of this variety, and also the combination of races in Brazil, studies show that most of the Brazilian population is genetically mixed, and even some of the population that is officially considered to be white has some African and Native Brazilian genetic lineage, as well as the European element.

 

 

AS recorded by the 2009 PNAD, was around 191 million (22.31 inhabitants per square kilometer), with a ratio of men to women of 0.95:1 and 83.75% of the population defined as urban.

The Brazilian is heavily concentrated in the Southeastern (79.8 million inhabitants) and Northeastern (53.5 million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North, which together make up 64.12% of the Brazilian territory, have a total of only 29.1 million inhabitants.

Population is  increased significantly between 1940 and 1970, due to a decline in the mortality rate, even though the birth rate underwent a slight decline. In the 1940s the annual population growth rate was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in the 1950s and remaining at 2.9% in the 1960s, as life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years and to 72.6 years in 2007. It has been steadily falling since the 1960s, from 3.04% per year between 1950–1960 to 1.05% in 2008 and is expected to fall to a negative value of –0.29% by 2050 [206] thus completing the demographic transition.

According to the National Research by Household Sample (PNAD) of 2009, 48.43% of the population (about 92 million) described themselves as White; 43.80% (about 83 million) as Brown (Multiracial), 6.84% (about 13 million) as Black; 0.58% (about 1.1 million) as Yellow; and 0.28% (about 536 thousand) as Amerindian, while 0.07% (about 130 thousand) did not declare their race.[208]

The National Indian Foundation reported the existence of 67 different uncontacted tribes, up from 40 in 2005. Brazil is believed to have the largest number of uncontacted peoples in the world.

Most Brazilians descend from the country's indigenous peoples, Portuguese settlers, and African slaves.

Since the arrival of the Portuguese in 1500, considerable intermarriage between these three groups has taken place. The brown population (as multiracial Brazilians are officially called; pardo in Portuguese) is a broad category that includes Caboclos (descendants of Whites and Indians), Mulattoes (descendants of Whites and Blacks) and Cafuzos (descendants of Blacks and Indians).

Caboclos form the majority of the population in the Northern, Northeastern and Central-Western regions.[216] A large Mulatto population can be found in the eastern coast of the northeastern region from Bahia to Paraíba and also in northern Maranhão,southern Minas Geraisand in eastern Rio de Janeiro.

From the 19th century, Brazil opened its borders to immigration. About five million people from over 60 countries migrated to Brazil between 1808 and 1972, most of them from Portugal, Italy, Spain, Germany, Japan and the Middle-