苏丹: 苏丹政府概况

2012/08/16

苏丹政府概况

由总统直接主持，不设总理职务。

2005年9月20日由北南双方联合组成的民族团结政府主要成员如下：

总统：奥马尔•哈桑•艾哈迈德•巴希尔
第一副总统：萨尔瓦•基尔•马亚尔迪特
副总统：阿里•奥斯曼•穆罕默德•塔哈
总统助理：马尼•阿尔卡维•米纳维、纳菲阿•阿里•纳菲阿

总统府顾问12人:
里亚克•卡伊•库克（博士）
艾哈迈德•阿里•伊玛姆（教授）
穆斯塔法•奥斯曼•伊斯梅尔（博士）
马吉祖布•哈里发（博士）
卡吉•萨拉赫•丁•阿特巴尼（博士）
布纳•马勒瓦勒
法利达•易卜拉欣•艾哈迈德•侯赛因（女）
曼苏尔•哈立德（博士）
哈隆•隆•鲁瓦尔（博士）
阿里•塔米姆•福尔塔克（教授）
艾哈迈德•比拉勒•奥斯曼（博士）
阿卜杜拉•阿里•马萨尔
　　
民族团结政府部长共30人：

总统府事务部长：巴克里•哈桑•萨利赫（少将）
联邦关系部长：阿卜杜勒•巴西特•萨利赫•赛卜德拉特
内阁事务部长：丁格•阿鲁尔•凯瓦勒
国防部长：阿卜杜－拉希姆•穆罕默德•侯赛因（少将）
外交部长;拉姆•阿库勒•阿贾维尼
内政部长；祖贝尔•巴希尔•塔哈
财政和国民经济部长：祖贝尔•艾哈迈德•哈桑
司法部长：穆罕默德•阿里•穆尔迪
能源和矿产部长：奥德•艾哈迈德•贾兹（博士）
对外贸易部长;乔治•布尔尼格•尼亚米
农业和林业部长:穆罕默德•阿明•伊萨•卡巴什等。

国家名称

联络表

全称:

Republic of the Sudan

简称:

Sudan

当地全称:

Jumhuriyat as-Sudan

当地简称:

As-Sudan

政府体制:

Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in 1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulated national elections in 2009, but these were subsequently rescheduled for April 2010

首都

联络表

名称:

Khartoum

地理坐标:

15 36 N, 32 32 E

时差:

UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

行政区划:

25 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat (Lakes), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), Al Wahda (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Central Equatoria), Gharb al Istiwa'iyya (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal (Western Bahr el Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqoley (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala), Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Shimal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr el Ghazal), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sharq al Istiwa'iyya (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab)

独立日:

1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)

国庆日:

Independence Day, 1 January (1956)

宪法:

Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005

法律体系:

based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; however, the CPA establishes some protections for non-Muslims in Khartoum; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; the southern legal system is still developing under the CPA following the civil war; Islamic law will not apply to the southern states

选举权:

17 years of age; universal

政府行政部门

联络表

国家元首:

President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

政府首脑:

President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the National Congress Party or NCP (formerly the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet

内阁:

election on 11-15 April 2010; next to be held in 2015

选举:

Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR 68.2%, Yasir ARMAN 21.7%, Abdullah Deng NHIAL 3.9%, others 6.2%

选举结果:

bicameral National Legislature consists of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% from geographic constituencies, 25% from a women's list, and 15% from party lists; members to serve six-year terms)

注:

al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by popular vote for the first time in March 1996

立法机构:

司法机构:

Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National Judiciary

政党及领导人:

Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Hatim al-SIR]; National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]; Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR]; elements of the National Democratic Alliance or NDA including factions of the Democratic Union Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI] and Umma Party

在野党及领导人:

Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]; Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Khalil IBRAHIM] and the Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM [various factional leaders]

参与的国际组织:

ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

驻美国代表

联络表

总领事馆:

<br />

特派团团长

联络表

官邸:

邮寄地址:

国旗描述:

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; colors and design based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I, but the meanings of the colors are expressed as follows: red signifies the struggle for freedom, white is the color of peace, light, and love, black represents Sudan itself (in Arabic 'Sudan' means black), green is the color of Islam, agriculture, and prosperity

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